ABSTRACT
The techniques of modern biology incorporates molecular cloning of genes, gene transfer, genetic manipulation of animal embryo transfer, genetic manipulation of rumen microbes, chemical and biological treatment of low quality animal feeds for improved nutritive value, genetically engineered immunodiagnostic and immunoprophylactic agents as well as veterinary vaccines, inter alia. Of course, these are a reality today and are finding their ways into research and development programs of developing countries. Biotechnology is offering unprecedented opportunities for increasing agricultural productivity and for protecting the environment through reduced use of agro-chemicals. The major thrust in biotechnology research is currently directed at solving immediate problems of industrialized countries, with major investments coming from transnational companies. However, many of the new discoveries and products will find their biggest markets in developing countries where the potential for improvement in agricultural productivity and health is greatest. The importance of biotechnology and its relevance is only slowly being accepted by policy makers in developing countries. In the presence of economic crisis, strong fiscal constraints, rapid social change and constant political instabilities, the difficulties associ ated with major policy changes in developing countries are enormous. In this review we discuss the potentials and limitations for biotechnological applications in animal breeding and animal health, food processing and forage improvement in the horn of Africa.